OMFIF, in partnership with Giesecke+Devrient, is publishing a report in February exploring the factors contributing to the hesitation about launching a CBDC and what concerns central banks struggle with. In the report’s survey of central banks, 81% of respondents have issued or expect to issue a CBDC at some point, with 47% expecting to issue one within five years.

While consumer payments are changing, cash continues to flourish. However, there is a need to address some of inefficiencies in cash handling if cash is to thrive.

Research has found that paying with cash is associated with pain and that people tend to spend less using cash rather than a payment card.

60 people met in Jakarta at the end of September last year for a summit by the Asian Cash Management Association (ACMA). They came from a range of stakeholders across cash cycles in the region, including central banks, Cash Management Companies (CMCs) and commercial banks.

As the global payments landscape evolves, Asia’s currency trends offer invaluable insights into the future of cash and digital payments. This analysis by De La Rue’s Richard Sokl, who also spoke about this at the HSP Asia conference, considers the dynamics of cash’s enduring role, the challenges posed by the digital divide, and how currency strategies are adapting to meet diverse needs.

The first quarter of the 21st century has witnessed a major change in payments across the world. Many payments traditionally made in cash have been replaced by frictionless and convenient options that eventually become widely accepted and change consumer payment behaviour.

The use of coin dates back over 2,500 years, and in an industry that old, it can be difficult to do anything genuinely ‘new’. Hence the excitement when NatWest hosted what’s believed to be the first ever cash hackathon at their London HQ in late November, with attendees from a range of industries, to innovate on future payment methods, and reimagine the future of cash.

In a special report 01/2025, ‘Digital payments in the EU’ (European Union), the European Court of Auditors says that EU’s approach to digital payments has helped to make them ‘safer, faster and cheaper for users’.

Members of the UK’s Cash Industry Environmental Charter (CIEC) Group have shared best practice and worked together since 2021 with the aim of reducing the carbon footprint of notes and coins in the cash cycle.

The Bundesbank has published the third module of its study into the costs of cash and card payments from the consumer’s point of view.

The headlines in the European Central Bank’s (ECB) 2024 study on the payment attitudes of consumers in the euro area (SPACE) paint an interesting picture for cash payments, both alone and relative to other payment instruments.

The Reserve Bank of New Zealand (RBNZ) has published the results of its consultation on a possible CBDC. The consultation had the highest response rate of any RBNZ survey, with more than 500 individuals and groups writing in, as well as 18,000 online survey responses.

At the Coin Conference in Lisbon Martina Horakova, Managing Director, International Mint Industry Association (IMIA), presented European Economic Area legislations and proposals ‘in favour’ of cash access and acceptance.

While the United States and Brazil debate the use of bitcoin in their international reserves, the Banco Central de Chile, in line with its Governor's firm commitment to cash, categorically rules out this possibility, arguing that crypto assets do not meet the legal or technical criteria for their inclusion.

Programmable payments are often talked about in the context of Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC), but they are possible with any digital payment. The Federal Reserve of Atlanta has written a useful blog explaining them.

Access to cash has become a key area of interest for central banks. The Bank of Canada has compared subjective perceptions of cash accessibility with distance based metrics and published their findings in a staff analytical note.

The Bank of England (BOE) and the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Digital Currency Initiative (MIT DCI) have published a paper exploring privacy enhancing technologies (PETs) for a possible digital pound.

Mobile money transactions in Kenya surged to KSh6.5 trillion in the first nine months of 2024, reflecting a 13.2% growth compared to KSh5.8 trillion during the same period last year.

The European Central Bank (ECB) is half-way through its assessment work about whether to launch a CBDC. This has involved extensive consultation. It has published its second progress report on its preparation phase of a digital euro.

While the revolution in information and communication technology, the emergence of China as a global manufacturing exporter, and the expansion of global value chains in the 1980s started a new phase of globalisation, the relatively recent rise in e-commerce and direct-to-customer sales, facilitated by online retail platforms, is leading to a new feature of international trade, namely an increase in the number of low-value transactions.