Financial inclusion is a hot topic as the move to online and mobile banking leads to fewer bank branches. When banks announce closure plans they quote how many customers now interact over the phone, internet or smartphone and the number of people registering new mobile phone apps (in the case of HSBC, 90% and 750,000 respectively in the last 12 months).

The ECB has published a comprehensive report of what has happened to cash in the euro area during the pandemic.

A recent paper, ‘COVID Cash*’, by Kenneth Rogoff and Jessica Scazzero considers the implications for advanced economies in the long-term trend of value being stored in cash, a trend accelerated by, and highly visible due to, the pandemic. They make two arguments.

Gerhard Rösel and Franz Seitz have published a paper, ‘Cash and Crises: No Surprises by the Virus’, as a working paper for the Institute for Monetary and Financial Stability. This paper looks at cash usage across a number of key economies since the 1990s. It notes the trend towards cash being hoarded as a store of value, reflected an increasing proportion of cash in circulation being high value notes, but looks, in particular, at what happens to cash when there is crisis.

With the Eastern Caribbean Central Bank announcing the world’s first CBDC based on blockchain technology, the CBDC activity level around the world continues to grow.

At the online Future of Cash conference last month, Diederik Bruggink from the European Payment Council (EPC) presented its thoughts on how to make cash more efficient.

Google Pay is changing. The existing Google Pay will shut down in the US on 5 April and a new app has to be downloaded if you want to continue paying with Google on your phone.

The number of central banks announcing work on Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs) continues to rise. This month there have been reports about CBDC activity by the central banks of the ECCB, Jamaica, Korea and Russia.

Alper Sayin, Director Cash Planning and Operations at Garanti BBVA, has summarised the key cash and payment trends facing Turkey in 2021. Cash is increasing but cost control remains high on the agenda, with new cash processing tools being used and an ATM pooling initiative being closely monitored.

Wales, with a population 3.15 million, along with England 56.3 million, Scotland 5.46 million and Northern Ireland 1.89 million make up UK’s total population of 66.8 million. Although all countries in the Union are governed by the UK government based in Westminster in London, Wales along with Scotland and Northern Ireland each has a devolved Parliament with limited powers.

The Bank of Canada conducted studies into cash usage in April and July 2020*. This March it updated its staff discussion paper 2021-23 reflecting on these surveys and what they tell us about cash as pandemic containment measures lift.

RBR’s most recent study, ‘ATM Software 2021’, looks at the latest ATM developments across the world.

In 2016 Diebold and Wincor Nixdorf joined forces to form Diebold Nixdorf, creating a company with global reach in the self-service market. Diebold Nixdorf serves retailers and retail banks providing ATM and point of sale (POS) technology and software to run and integrate the technology and behind the scenes payment platforms. It also offers management services for all these products.

Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas (BSP) has reorganised to combine its cash department and its payment department.

In 2020 US consumers each spent $17,095 according to the US census bureau, $2,398 of which was online. CouponFollow surveyed 1,500 Americans in January 2021 about the state of cashless and touchless payment methods during the pandemic.

While the activity of retailers may, at first glance, appear of secondary importance to the world of payments, in today’s changing economic landscape it could have big implications, particularly when retailers of the scale of Walmart are involved and with card and payment fees rising.

Visa, Mastercard, American Express and Discover Financial, as well as industry counterparts FIS, Fiserv and Global Payments, have formed the Payments Leadership Council to represent their position to the government and in the media on a range of issues. Card payments are in the spotlight currently.

Digital currency covers more than Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), it extends to all the digital solutions from Bitcoin to Diem. Digital currencies store balances in anonymous electronic addresses.

On 26 January the European Court of Justice (ECJ) gave its judgement on the Hessischer Rundfunk case.

This is the title of a new Cash Essentials paper. The paper considers the role cash plays in economic and social life, the challenges it faces and how innovation is improving the efficiency of the cash cycle. The paper includes the line, ‘the capacity for cash to change will be integral to its continuing success’, and it goes on to explore what the future holds.